Know your rights
Employment rights in
United States.
Federal law prohibits sex discrimination in employment, and protects men and women equally. Most private employers with 15 or more employees are covered by Title VII, enforced by the EEOC. Many states have their own laws and agencies, which can cover smaller employers and extend deadlines.
General information, not legal advice. Rules and deadlines vary by jurisdiction and situation, and can change. Check with the agency or a lawyer before relying on a deadline. Last reviewed October 14, 2026.
Who is covered
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act covers employers with 15 or more employees, employment agencies and unions.
- The Equal Pay Act requires equal pay for equal work regardless of sex, and applies to nearly all employers whatever their size.
- State and local laws may cover employers below federal thresholds.
Deadlines
Missing a deadline can end a claim. These are the general limits; exceptions are narrow.
| Route | Time limit | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Discrimination charge (EEOC) | 180 or 300 days | 180 calendar days from the discrimination, extended to 300 days where a state or local agency enforces a law against the same kind of discrimination. For ongoing harassment, from the last incident. Source: EEOC: time limits for filing a charge (opens in a new tab) |
| Equal Pay Act charge or lawsuit | 2 years (3 if wilful) | From the last discriminatory paycheque. You can go to court without filing an EEOC charge first. Source: EEOC: time limits for filing a charge (opens in a new tab) |
| Federal government employees | 45 days | To contact an EEO counselor at your agency. Federal employees follow a separate process. Source: EEOC: time limits for filing a charge (opens in a new tab) |
Where to go
What to do now
- 1Write down what happenedDates, what was said or done, who was present.
- 2Keep your recordsOffer letters, policies, reviews, pay records and messages you are entitled to keep.
- 3Work out your deadline180 or 300 days depends on your state. Count from the last discriminatory act.
- 4Contact the EEOC or your state agencyIntake interviews can be booked online. Filing is free.
- 5Get legal adviceState and local bar associations run lawyer referral services, and legal aid may be available if you have a low income.
Free and low-cost legal help
Get your records in order
A private checklist and timeline that stays on your device. Bring it to the agency or a lawyer.